Steam generator and superheater.



- PATENTED'JAN. 9, 1906.

F; A. HAUGHTON.

STEAM GENERATOR AND'SUPBRHEATER.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.3,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Trcvercor.

ilifirqess s No. 809,683. PATENTED JAN. 9, 1906.

F. A. HAUGHTON.

STEAM GENERATOR AND SUPERHEATBR.

APPLICATION FILED 0013,1904.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

[hue/L60".

Lil

FRANK A. HAUGHTON, OF SCHENEC"ADY, NEW YORK.

STEAM GENERATOR AND. SUPERHEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9, 1906.

Application filed October 3, 1904. Serial No 226,988.

To (all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK A. IIAUGHTON, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of the city of Schenectady, county of Schenectady, and State of New 'York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Generators and Superheatcrs, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates generally to boilers for generating and superheating steam, and particularly to boilers of the locomotive type. In this form of my invention the superheater is located at the front end of the boiler, and the fire-tubes extend through the superheater.

One of theprincipal objects of my inven tion is to supply a greater degree of heat to the superheater than has heretofore been possible in this form of construction. This I accomplish by retarding the transmission of heat from that part of a desired number of tubes which is located in the generatingchamber, so that these tubes will give off less heat to the generatingchamber, and consequently carry a larger portion of their heat to the superheater.

My invention also relates to structure of the superheater and also to the means by which the throttle-valve is secured in position in the superheater.

WVhile I have shown my invention as applied to a boiler of the locomotive type, it will be obvious that it need not be confined to such a use, as it is also adapted for use in connection with vertical boilers and other forms of boilers having fire-tubes.

Referring to the drawings, wherein I show the preferred form of my invention, Figure 1 1s avertieal section through the axis of a tubulai boiler constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is avertical cross-sectional view of the same, taken on the line A B, Fig. 1, looking toward the firebox end of the boiler. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of one of the middle group of tubes, taken in longitudinal section, showing a lining or screen on the inside of the tube. Fig. 4. is a cross-sectional view of the tube shown in Fig. 3, taken on the line E F. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the throttle-valve and T-head shown in Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1, 10 IS the shell of the boiler. 11 12 are boiler or fire tubes, which These tubes are expanded into both heads 13 and 14-. steamtight. 13 and 14 are flanged heads riveted steam-tight to the shell of the boiler 10 1 0, thus forming the superheater-chamber 15. 16 is the space usually known as the smoke-box. 17 is the water-space, and the normal waterlevel is shown by the dotted line 18. The head 14, being in direct contact with the gases in the smoke-box 16, also forms a portion of the heating-surface of the superheater. 19 19 are dr v-pipes extending from the dome 20 and are for the purpose 01 conveying dry steam irom the dome to the superheater-chamber. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) 21 21, Fig. 2, are diaphragms or partitions extending from head 13 to head 14, Fig. 1, fit ting closely to same, 22, Fig. 1, designating the intersection of one of these diaphragms with the shell 10, where they are securely fastened to the shell and both heads. These diaphragms guide the flow of the steam after emerging from the dry-pipes 19 19 into the superheater and cause the steam to circulate successively among the tubes 12 11. in the chamber 15, being directed first downward at the sides and then upward in the middle to the throttle-valve 23, located in the superheater-chamber 15. priming in the boiler or unusually high water causing water to be carried over to the superheater through the dry-pipes 19 this water will be deposited at the bottom of the superheater-chamber, separating from the steam by its momentum due to the current of steam suddenly reversing its direction at this point from a downward to an upward flow, thus having a similar action to a regular steamseparator, and the water may then be drawn oil by a suitable cock, as shown at 33. This feature ol my invention I consider of great importance, as it absolutely prevents water from the boiler being carried into the cylinders,which,as is well known, is the cause of frequent breakage of cylinders, cylinderheads, pistons, frame and other important parts of the engine. 24 is a screen close to the head 13 and between the diaphragms 21 21 to prevent the steam in the chamber 15 from coming in. contact with the head 13 after becoming superheated.

The tubes 11, between the diaphragmplates 21 21, are arranged so as to carry the gases of combustion to the superheater at a higher temperature than the tubes 12. This is accomplished by increasing their diameter above that of the tubes 12 or providing a In case of screen or lining to the tubes for the portion within the boiler, so that the transmission of heat from the gases to the water is diminished or obstructed, thereby maintaining their high temperature until reaching the superheater. Fig. 3 shows an enlarged sectional view of the high-temperature tubes provided with an inner lining or screen 25.-

This screen may be made of any heatresist in'g material and may be either within or outside the tube, and it may consist of another tube expanded at the ends, as shown at 27 28, thus forming an air-space to obstruct the transfer of heat from the gases to the water. I

The dry-pipes 19 19 are of an economical and efficient form of construction. They are short lengths of tubing bent to the form shown in Fig. 1 and merely expanded into the head 13 in the same manner as boilertubes, thus avoiding the usual expensive form of a large single dry-pipe with balljoints and other fittings. 29 is a small pipe extending from the superheater-chamber to the back head of the boiler, through which the throttle-rod 31 is carried. Its purpose is to avoid the necessity of packing around the throttle-rodv 31 where it passes through the head 13, thereby preventing the leakage of water from the boiler to the superheater. This pipe may also be used to convey dry steam to the injectors, steam-blower, and otlger accessories to the boiler located in the ca 23 is a throttle-valve. It is attached to the T-head 32, which projects through the boiler-head 14 from the smoke-box 16 into the sup erheater-chamb er, thereby eliminating the usual dry-pipe which intervenes between the T-head and the throttle stand-pipe, This arrangement also eliminates the usual throttle stand-pipe in the dome connecting the throttle-valve with the dry-pipe. This reduces the number of joints from four to two, greatly simplifying the construction and reducing the possibility of leakage. The above advantages, while decreasing the cost of construction and otherwise making a most efiicient combination, also have the advantage that as the throttle-valve is located within the superheater-chamber instead of the dome 20 it enables a balance of pressure to be obtained on both sides of the head 13, as the dry-pipes 19 19 maintain a constant and open communication between the superheater-chamber and the generator or boiler and makes it a simple matter to prevent leakage of water from the boiler into the superheater around the tubes 11 12. It is obvious that this condition would not exist should the throttle-valve be located on the generator side of the head 13, for when the throttle were closed the ressure in the superheater-chamber woul become only atmospheric, thereby producing an unbalance equal to the boiler-pressure.

While the group of tubes 11 in the middle are shown of a larger diameter than those at the sides 12 and are also shown with screens or linings, I do not wish to confine myself to this feature, for while it is a most convenient arrangement to obtain a high degree of superheat it is not always necessary, and in many cases all the tubes, both 11 and 12, may be of the same size and without screens.

I do not wish it to beunderstood that I claim, broadly, as new a superheater formed by a head or partition in a tubular boiler dividing it into two chambers, one a steamgenerator and one a superheater, the firetubes of the generator and superheater being common to both, as I am aware that this fundamental idea has been known before; but I do claim that the combinations of the important details which I have described are new and useful and myaim has been to apply to the fundamental form the important accessories and methods of construction that will make a practical and complete working device.

While I have described what I believe to be the preferred form of my invention, I desire to have it understood that many changes in the form, structure, and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater and means to retard the transmission of heat from a plurality of the tubes to the generating-chamber.

2. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted toform a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater and screens carried by a plurality of the tubes in the generating-chamber to retard the transmission of heat from the tubes to the generating-chamber whereby a greater degree of heat is delivered to the superheater.

3. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater and linings in a plurality of' the tubes in the generatingchamber to retard the transmission of heat from the tubes to the generating chamber whereby a greater degree of heat is delivered to the superheater.

4. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater and short sections of tubing expanded in a plurality of the passing through both chambers, in combinathe generating-chamber whereby a greater degree of heat is delivered to the superheater.

5. In a tubular boiler wherein steam is generated at one end of the boiler and superheated at the other end thereof, means interposed between the gases of combustion and the heating-surfaces of the generator to retard the transmission of heat to the generator.

6. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into a generating and superheating chamber, with suitable steam connections, the tubes of the boiler being continuous and tion with means interposed between the heating-surfaces of the generator-chamber and the gases of combustion to retard the transmission of heat to the generator.

7. The combination with a steam generator and superheater of a plurality of firetubes passing through the water-space of the generator and into the superheater, at least one of said fire-tubes being provided with means to retard or diminish the transmission of heat to the water in the generator.

8. The combination with a steam generator and superheater of a plurality of liretubes passing through the ater-space of the generator and into the superheater, at least one of said fire-tubes being provided with a screen to retard or diminish the transmission of heat to the water in the generator, thereby enabling the gases of combustion passing through the fire-tubes to deliver to the superheater a higher degree of temperature.

9. The combination with a steam generator and superheater of a plurality of firetubes passing through the waterspace of the generator and into the superheater, at least one of said lire-tubes being provided with a lining in a portion of the tube in the generating-chamber to retard or diminish the transmission of heat to the water in the generator, thereby enabling the gases of combustion p assing through the fire-tubes to de iver to the superheater a higher degree of temperature.

10. The combination with a steam generator and superheater of a plurality of firetubes passing through the water-space of the generator and into the superheater, a plurality of said fire-tubes being provided with means to retard or diminish the transmission of heat to the water in the generator.

11. The combination with a steam generator and superheater of a plurality of firetubes passing through the water-space of the generator and into the superheater, a plurality of said fire-tubes being provided with a screen to retard or diminish the transmission of heat to the water in the generator, thereby enabling the gases of combustion passing through the iiretubes to deliver to the superheater a higher degree of temperature.

12. The combination with a steam generator and superheater of a plurality of firetubes passing through the water-space of the 1 generator and into the superheater, a plural ity of said fire-tubes being provided with a lining in a portion of the tube in the generating-chamber to retard or diminish the transmission of heat to the water in the generator, thereby enabling the gases of combustion passing through the firetubes to deliver to the superheater a higher degree of temperature.

13. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater, a baflie-plate arranged longitudinally of the superheater in a vertical p ane, an open pipe leading from the generating-chamber to the portion of the superheater on one side of the baffle-plate and means to control the exit of steam from the superheater arranged on the other side of the baffle-plate.

14. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steanngenerator and the other to act as a superheater, a pair 01 baflleplates arranged longitudinally of the superheater, open pipes leading from the generating-chamber to the portion of the superheater between the plates and the shell of the superheater and means to control the exit of steam arranged between the baffle-plates,

15. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater, a baffle-plate located longitudinally of the superheater in a vertical plane, an open pipe leading from the generating-chamber to the portion of the superheater on one side of the bafile-plate, means to control the exit of steam from the superheater arranged within the superheater on the other side of the baflie-plate, said baffle-plate being arranged to suddenly change the direction of flow of the steam near the bottom of the superheater, thereby separating moisture or water carried by the steam from the steam, depositing same at the bottom of the superheater, and means for drawing off said collected moisture from the superheater.

16. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater, a pair of baffleplates located longitudinally of the superheater, open pipes leading from the generating-chamber to the portion of the superheater between the plates and the shell of the super heater, means to control the exit of steam arranged between the baffle-plates, said baffleplates being arranged to suddenly change the direction of flow of the steam, thereby separating moisture or water carried by the steam from the steam, and means for drawing off said collected moisture from the superheater.

17. A tubular boiler divided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a steam-generator and the other to act as a superheater, a throttle located in the superheating-chamber a tube extending from the superheating-chamber to the back end of boiler through which the opcrating-rod of the throttle is adapted to pass.

18. A tubular boiler diyided by a suitable partition into two chambers, one being adapted to form a stearn-generator and the other to act as a superheater, a pair of baflle plates arranged in the superheater, open pipes leading from the generating-chamber to the portion of the superheater between the plates and the shell of the superheater and means to control the exit of steam arranged between the baffle-plates.

19. The combination with a steam-generator of a superheater, a pair of baffle-plates arranged in the superheater, open pipes leading from the boiler to the portion of the superday of September, 1904.

FRANK A HAUGHTON.

Witnesses ARTHUR S. GOLDEN, STEPHEN EMPIL. 

